Ideologia Americana," Journal of the History of Ideas 48 (1987): 325-46; Zera S. Fink, The Classical Republicans (1945); Charles Blitzer, An Immortal Commonwealth: The Political Thought of James Harrington (1960); Thomas L. Pangle, Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism (1973) and The Spirit of Modern Republicanism (1988); Edwin G. Burrows, Albert Gallatin and the Political Economy of Republicanism (1986); Jeff Weintraub, Freedom and Community: The Republican Virtue Tradition and the Sociology of Liberty (1990); John Diggins, The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism (1984) and "Comrades and Citizens," American Historical Review 90 (1985): 614-38; Joyce Appleby, "Republicanism and Ideology," American Quarterly 37 (1985): 461-73, "Republicanism in Old and New Contexts," William and Mary Quarterly 43 (1986): 20-34, and Economic Thought and Ideology in Seventeenth-Century England (1978); Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967); Lance Banning, The Jeffersonian Persuasion (1978) and "Some Second Thoughts on 'Virtue' " (paper read at the Folger Shakespeare Library, 1987); Jesse R. Goodale, "J. G. A. Pocock's New-Harringtonians: A Reconsideration," History of Political Thought 1 (1980): 237-59; J. H. Hexter, review of Pocock's Machiavellian Moment, History and Theory 16 (1977): 306-37; Istvan Hont and Michael Ignatieff, eds., Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment (1983); Allen Kaufman, Capitalism, Slavery, and Republican Values: American Political Economists, 1819-1848 (1982); Isaac Kramnick, "Republican Revisionism Revisited," American Historical Review 87 (1982): 629-64, and "The 'Great National Discussion': The Discourse of Politics in 1787," William and Mary Quarterly 45 (1988): 3-32; Drew R. McCoy, "Republicanism and American Foreign Policy," William and Mary Quarterly 31 (1974): 633-46; Marvin Meyers, The Jacksonian Persuasion (1960); Daniel Walker Howe, The Political Culture of the American Whigs (1979); Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis," William and Mary Quarterly 29 (1972): 49-80, and "Republicanism and Early American Historiography," William and Mary Quarterly 39 (1982): 334-56; and Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic (1969). Warner Berthoff, Literature and the Continuances of Virtue (1986), chap. 2 ("Virtue: A Short History"), is a useful introduction to some of the broader associations of this term.

Interpretations of American political ideas that stress the dominance of liberalism include, in addition to those by Appleby and Diggins, such prerepublican syntheses as Richard Hofstadter, The American Political Tradition (1948), Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America (1955), and Carl Degler, Out of Our Past (1959). For the opposition between the public realm and the household, see Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (1958).

The Thomas Paine Reader, ed. Michael Foot and Isaac Kramnick (1987), is a serviceable compendium. Kramnick's introduction first appeared, in a slightly different version, as an article in Democracy I (Jan. 1981): 127-38. See also Eric Foner, Tom Paine and Revolutionary America (1976). Studies of Cobbett include G. D. H. Cole, The Life of William Cobbett (1924); G. K. Chesterton, William Cobbett (1925); William B. Pemberton, William Cobbett (1949); John W. Osborne, William Cobbett:

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